Mappings from STIX 1.x to STIX 2.0
=======================================
This section outlines the disposition of each property of the top-level objects when converted.
For each STIX 1.x object that was converted the following options are possible:
- **STIX 1.x property mapped directly to a STIX 2.x property.** This property's value is used unaltered in the conversion to 2.x.
- **STIX 1.x property translated into STIX 2.x property.** This property's value must undergo some minor processing to determine the
corresponding content for 2.x.
- **STIX 1.x property mapped using STIX 2.x relationships.** This property is used to construct a 2.x relationship object. The "reverse"
notation indicates the the STIX 1.x property is found on target object.
- **STIX 1.x property recorded in the STIX 2.x description property.** This property has no corresponding property in STIX 2.x, but its value
can be (optionally) included in the description property of the 2.x object as text.
- **STIX 1.x property not mapped.** This property will not be included in the converted 2.x object.
Top Level Object Mappings
-------------------------------
This table describes the mapping between STIX 1.0 and STIX 2.x top-level objects. Notice that certain object types in STIX 1.x
that were not top-level objects are in STIX 2.x (e.g., Malware).
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x object** | **STIX 2.x object** |
+=============================+=========================+
| ``Campaign`` | ``campaign`` |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``Course_Of_Action`` | ``course-of-action`` |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``et:Vulnerability`` | ``vulnerability`` |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``et:Weakness`` | *not converted* |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``et:Configuration`` | *not converted* |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``Incident`` | *not converted* |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``Indicator`` | ``indicator`` |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``Information_Source/`` | ``location`` |
| ``CIQIdentity3_0Instance/`` | |
| ``Address`` | |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``Report`` | ``report`` |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``Observable`` | ``observed-data`` |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``Package`` | ``bundle`` |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``Threat Actor`` | ``threat-actor`` |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``ttp:Attack_Pattern`` | ``attack-pattern`` |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``ttp:Infrastructure`` | *not converted* |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``ttp:Malware`` | ``malware`` |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``ttp:Persona`` | *not converted* |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``ttp:Tool`` | ``tool`` |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``ttp:Victim_Targeting`` | ``identity`` |
+-----------------------------+-------------------------+
Common Properties
------------------------
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Directly to STIX 2.x Properties**
+-------------------------+-------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+=========================+=========================+
| ``Description`` | ``description`` |
+-------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``timestamp`` | ``modified`` |
+-------------------------+-------------------------+
| ``Title`` | ``name`` |
+-------------------------+-------------------------+
In STIX 1.x only one timestamp is recorded, whereas in STIX 2.x, there are two properties: ``created`` and ``modified``. The ``created`` timestamp
is not stored in objects in STIX 1.x. The ``timestamp`` property in STIX 1.x holds the ``modified`` timestamp.
**STIX 1.x Properties Translated to STIX 2.x Properties**
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+=========================+==================================================+
| ``id`` | ``id`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``Handling`` | ``object_markings_refs, granular_markings`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``Information_Source`` | ``created_by_ref``, ``external_references`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``Type`` | ``labels`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``Confidence`` | ``confidence`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
In STIX 1.x, an ``id`` contained a "namespace". This was deemed unnecessary in STIX 2.x, therefore they contain no origin information.
- Handling
Data Markings, called Handling in STIX 1.x, have been completely
redesigned for STIX 2.x. STIX 1.x used *xpath*, which was a reasonable
choice given its reliance on XML for implementation. However, the
use of xpath was very difficult to implement, and was more
expressive than was deemed necessary.
STIX 2.x introduces two new concepts, object markings and granular
markings, which simplify the marking of data. Object markings apply
to a whole object, whereas granular markings are specific to
particular properties of an object. The selection of which
properties are to be marked is expressed in a serialization-neutral
way. The scope of marking definitions is at the object level. There
is no marking that can apply to a whole bundle, or report.
- Information_Source
In STIX 1.x there were several related concepts that were used to
identify the sources of information and various parties of interest.
Parties of interest are creators of content, victim targets, and
other responsible parties. Sources of information could be an
individual, organization or some software application. Additionally,
it was possible to make references to source material external to STIX,
e.g., a citation, URL, or an ID in an external system or repository.
In STIX 2.x, we have retained the concept of an ``IdentityType`` object,
but do not rely on the OASIS CIQ standard model as STIX 1.x did.
The ``Identity`` object type in STIX 2.x contains a
very streamlined set of properties: ``identity_class`` to specify
if it is an individual or organization, ``sectors`` to indicate the
industry sector that the identity belongs to, and a free text
property, ``contact_information`` to specify such information. All other STIX 1.x
propeties are not mapped in the conversion.
The ``InformationSourceType`` object was used in STIX 1.x to associate
an object with its creator's identity. In STIX 2.x, the common
property ``created_by_ref`` is used, and it must contain the
identifier of an ``Identity`` object.
The ``InformationSourceType`` object was also used in STIX 1.x to
specify external information. Other properties like ``capec_id`` of
``AttackPatternType``, or ``cwe_id`` of ``VulnerabilityType`` were also used
for external information, holding the ids of items in repositories
or systems external to STIX. In STIX 2.x, the data type
``external-reference`` is used for all external information.
The ``InformationSourceType`` object was also used in STIX 1.x to
specify location information.
- Type
In STIX 2.x, the type of an object is defined to be a specific literal, and is recorded in the ``type`` property.
The type of an object in STIX 1.x was either implicitly defined by its element name or explicitly using xsi:type.
- Kill Chains
In STIX 1.x, kill chains, with their phases, were defined using the ``KillChainType``, which is found in the ``Kill_Chains`` property of
a ``TTP``. These kill chains phases were refered to in the ``TTP`` and ``Indicator`` ``Kill_Chain_Phases`` properties. In
STIX 2.x, kill chains and their phases are not explicitly defined, but are referenced using their common names.
If the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain™ is used the ``kill_chain_name`` property must be ``lockheed-martin-cyber-kill-chain``,
according to the specification.
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Using STIX 2.x Relationships**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Recorded in the STIX 2.x Description Property**
- ``Short_Description``
- ``Confidence``
The confidence concept is available only STIX 2.1.
**STIX 1.x Properties Not Mapped**
- ``idref``
Relationships in STIX 2.x make use of id references to indicate the
source and target of the relationship. STIX 2.x objects additionally
use ``id`` references for any property whose suffix is ``ref`` or``refs``.
The decision available in STIX 1.x to specify related objects by
embedding them is not available in STIX 2.x.
- ``Related_Packages``
STIX 1.x packages correspond to STIX 2.x bundles. However, bundles
cannot refer to other bundles, so there is no way to express this
property in STIX 2.x.
- ``Version``
Individual STIX objects do not have their own STIX version in STIX
2.x. A bundle has the property ``spec_version``, which applies to all
objects that are contained in the bundle.
Versioning
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
STIX 1.x supported the versioning of objects, but it was a feature that was rarely used. STIX 2.x support of
versioning is based on two common properties: ``modified`` and ``revoked``. However, the elevator does not support
converting STIX 1.x versioned objects, in the unlikely inclusion of such objects.
All converted objects will be assumed to be the one and only version of an object. If more than one object is found with
the same id, it will *not* be flagged as an error.
Relationships
--------------
All STIX 1.x relationships were defined explicitly in the specification and they are all embedded as properties of the object.
In STIX 2.x, relationships are top-level objects so they exist independently from their source and target objects.
Additionally, although the STIX 2.x specification suggests certain relationships between object types,
a relationship between any two objects is allowed.
Relationships in STIX 1.x could be specified either using the ``idref`` property,
or by embedding the object within the relationship itself. In the former case,
the STIX 2.x object should use the original object's ``id`` as the ``source_ref`` property,
and the ``idref`` as the ``target_ref`` property.
In the latter case, the embedded object must first be converted to a top-level STIX 2.x object.
Of course, the embedded object's ``id`` might not present. In that case, an new id must be created.
**An Example**
STIX 1.x in XML
.. code-block:: xml
STIX 2.x in JSON
.. code-block:: json
{
"created": "2014-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"id": "relationship--3dcf59c3-30e3-4aa5-9c05-2cbffcee5922",
"modified": "2014-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"relationship_type": "attributed-to",
"source_ref": "campaign--e5268b6e-4931-42f1-b379-87f48eb41b1e",
"target_ref": "threat-actor--56f3f0db-b5d5-431c-ae56-c18f02caf500",
"type": "relationship"
}
{
"id": "campaign--e5268b6e-4931-42f1-b379-87f48eb41b1e"
}
{
"id": "threat-actor--56f3f0db-b5d5-431c-ae56-c18f02caf500"
}
.. _attack_pattern:
Attack Pattern
------------------
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Directly to STIX 2.x Properties**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Translated to STIX 2.x Properties**
+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+===========================+===================================================================+
| ``capec_id`` | ``external_references`` |
+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``ttp:Kill_Chain_Phases`` | ``kill_chain_phases`` |
+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Using STIX 2.x Relationships**
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x relationship type** |
+===========================+========================================================================+
| ``ttp:Victim_Targeting`` | ``targets`` |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``ttp:Exploit_Targets`` | ``targets`` (vulnerability, only) |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``ttp:Related_TTPs`` | ``uses`` (malware, tool), ``related-to`` (when not used for versioning)|
+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Recorded in the STIX 2.x Description Property**
- ``ttp:Intended_Effect``
**STIX 1.x Properties Not Mapped**
- ``ttp:Kill_Chains``
**An Example**
STIX 1.x in XML
.. code-block:: xml
Phishing
Phishing
STIX 2.x in JSON
.. code-block:: json
{
"created": "2017-01-27T13:49:54.326Z",
"created_by_ref": "identity--f690c992-8e7d-4b9a-9303-3312616c0220"
"description": "Phishing",
"external_references": [
{
"external_id": "CAPEC-98",
"source_name": "capec"
}
],
"id": "attack-pattern--8ac90ff3-ecf8-4835-95b8-6aea6a623df5",
"modified": "2017-01-27T13:49:54.326Z",
"name": "Phishing",
"type": "attack-pattern"
}
Campaigns
----------------
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Directly to STIX 2.x Properties**
+-------------------------+------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+=========================+========================+
| ``Names`` | ``aliases`` |
+-------------------------+------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Translated to STIX 2.x Properties**
+-------------------------+------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+=========================+========================+
| ``Intended_Effect`` | ``objective`` |
+-------------------------+------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Using STIX 2.x Relationships**
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x relationship type** |
+=========================+==============================================+
| ``Related_TTPs`` | ``uses`` |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``Related_Campaign`` | ``indicates`` (reverse) |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``Attribution`` | ``attributed-to`` |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``Associated_Campaigns``| ``related-to`` (when not used for versioning)|
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Recorded in the STIX 2.x Description Property**
- ``Status``
**STIX 1.x Properties Not Mapped**
- ``Activity``
- ``Related_Incidents``
**An Example**
STIX 1.x in XML
.. code-block:: xml
Operation Bran Flakes
A concerted effort to insert false information into the BPP's web pages
OBF
Hack www.bpp.bn
Branistan Peoples Party
The MITRE Corporation - DHS Support Team
Initial Author
STIX 2.x in JSON
.. code-block:: json
{
"type": "identity",
"id": "identity--f690c992-8e7d-4b9a-9303-3312616c0220",
"created": "2016-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"modified": "2016-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"name": "The MITRE Corporation - DHS Support Team",
"identity_class": "organization"
}
{
"type": "identity",
"id": "identity--ddfe7140-2ba4-48e4-b19a-df069432103b",
"created_by_ref": "identity--f690c992-8e7d-4b9a-9303-3312616c0220",
"created": "2016-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"modified": "2016-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"name": "Branistan Peoples Party",
"identity_class": "organization"
}
{
"type": "campaign",
"id": "campaign--e5268b6e-4931-42f1-b379-87f48eb41b1e",
"created_by_ref": "identity--f690c992-8e7d-4b9a-9303-3312616c0220",
"created": "2016-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"modified": "2016-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"name": "Operation Bran Flakes",
"description": "A concerted effort to insert false information into the BPP's web pages",
"aliases": ["OBF"],
"first_seen": "2016-01-08T12:50:40.123Z",
"objective": "Hack www.bpp.bn"
}
See `Threat Actor`_ for the Threat Actor object.
Course of Action
----------------------
In STIX 2.x the ``course-of-action`` object is defined as a stub. This means that in STIX
2.x this object type is pretty "bare-bones", not containing most of the
properties that were found in STIX 1.x. The property ``action`` is
reserved, but not defined in STIX 2.x.
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Directly to STIX 2.x Properties**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Translated to STIX 2.x Properties**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Using STIX 2.x Relationships**
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x relationship type** |
+==============================+==============================================+
| ``Related_COAs`` | ``related-to`` (when not used for versioning)|
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Recorded in the STIX 2.x Description Property**
- ``Stage``
- ``Objective``
- ``Impact``
- ``Cost``
- ``Efficacy``
**STIX 1.x Properties Not Mapped**
- ``Parameter_Observables``
- ``Structured_COA``
- ``Action``
**An Example**
STIX 1.x in XML
.. code-block:: xml
Block traffic to PIVY C2 Server (10.10.10.10)
Response
Perimeter Blocking
Block communication between the PIVY agents and the C2 Server
High
10.10.10.10
Low
This IP address is not used for legitimate hosting so there should be no operational impact.
Low
High
STIX 2.x in JSON
.. code-block:: json
{
"id": "bundle--495c4c04-b5d8-11e3-b7bb-000c29789db9",
"objects": [
{
"created": "2017-01-27T13:49:41.298Z",
"description": "\n\nSTAGE:\n\tResponse\n\n
OBJECTIVE: Block communication between the PIVY agents and the C2 Server\n\n
CONFIDENCE: High\n\n
IMPACT:Low, This IP address is not used for legitimate hosting so there should be no operational impact.\n\n
COST:Low\n\n
EFFICACY:High",
"id": "course-of-action--495c9b28-b5d8-11e3-b7bb-000c29789db9",
"labels": [
"perimeter-blocking"
],
"modified": "2017-01-27T13:49:41.298Z",
"name": "Block traffic to PIVY C2 Server (10.10.10.10)",
"type": "course-of-action"
}
],
"spec_version": "2.x",
"type": "bundle"
}
Indicator
------------------
STIX 1.x Composite Indicator Expressions and CybOX 2.x Composite
Observable Expressions allow a level of flexibility not present in STIX
2.x patterns. These composite expressions can frequently have ambiguous
interpretations, so STIX 2.x Indicators created by the stix2-elevator from
STIX 1.x Indicators containing composite expressions should be inspected
to ensure the STIX 2.x Indicator has the intended meaning.
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Directly to STIX 2.x Properties**
+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+=========================+=============================================+
| ``Valid_Time_Position`` | ``valid_from``, ``valid_until`` |
+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Translated to STIX 2.x Properties**
+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+=========================+=============================================+
| ``Alternative_ID`` | ``external_references`` |
+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| ``Kill_Chain_Phases`` | ``kill_chain_phases`` |
+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| ``IndicatorExpression`` | ``pattern`` |
+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
| ``Producer`` | ``created_by_ref`` |
+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Using STIX 2.x Relationships**
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x relationship type** |
+=========================+==============================================+
| ``Indicated_TTP`` | ``detects`` |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``Suggested_COAs`` | ``related-to`` |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``Related_Indicators`` | ``related-to`` (when not used for versioning)|
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``Related_Campaigns`` | ``indicates`` |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Recorded in the STIX 2.x Description Property**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Not Mapped**
- ``negate``
- ``Test_Mechanisms``
- ``Likely_Impact``
**An Example**
STIX 1.x in XML
.. code-block:: xml
Malicious site hosting downloader
URL Watchlist
http://x4z9arb.cn/4712
STIX 2.x in JSON
.. code-block:: json
{
"created": "2017-01-27T13:49:53.935Z",
"id": "indicator--d81f86b9-975b-bc0b-775e-810c5ad45a4f",
"labels": [
"url-watchlist"
],
"modified": "2017-01-27T13:49:53.935Z",
"name": "Malicious site hosting downloader",
"pattern": "[url:value = 'http://x4z9arb.cn/4712']",
"type": "indicator",
"valid_from": "2017-01-27T13:49:53.935382Z"
}
**Sightings**
In STIX 1.x sightings were a property of
IndicatorType. In STIX 2.x, sightings are a top-level STIX *relationship*
object. Because they represent the relationship (match) of an indicator
pattern to observed data (or other object), they are more naturally
represented as a STIX 2.x relationship.
For example, suppose the above indicator pattern was matched against an actual cyber observable
("observed-data--b67d30ff-02ac-498a-92f9-32f845f448cf"), because a victim (whose
identity is represented by "identity--b67d30ff-02ac-498a-92f9-32f845f448ff") observed that URL.
The STIX 2.x sighting would be:
.. code-block:: json
{
"type": "sighting",
"id": "sighting--ee20065d-2555-424f-ad9e-0f8428623c75",
"created_by_ref": "identity--f431f809-377b-45e0-aa1c-6a4751cae5ff",
"created": "2016-04-06T20:08:31.000Z",
"modified": "2016-04-06T20:08:31.000Z",
"first_seen": "2015-12-21T19:00:00Z",
"last_seen": "2015-12-21T19:00:00Z",
"count": 50,
"sighting_of_ref": "indicator--d81f86b9-975b-bc0b-775e-810c5ad45a4f",
"observed_data_refs": ["observed-data--b67d30ff-02ac-498a-92f9-32f845f448cf"],
"where_sighted_refs": ["identity--b67d30ff-02ac-498a-92f9-32f845f448ff"]
}
Location
----------------------
In STIX 2.1 the ``location`` object corresponds to any Information_Source Address objects in STIX 1.x.
Information_Source objects with Address information can appear in most top-level STIX 1.x objects. However, you cannot
store location information as a property in STIX 2.1, because ``location`` is a top-level object. To do the conversion, it is necessary to
create a new STIX 2.1 ``location`` object, transfering the STIX 1.x address information into it, and introducing a STIX 2.x
``relationship`` object between that original object and the new ``location`` object.
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Directly to STIX 2.x Properties**
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x relationship type** |
+==============================+==============================================+
| ``Administrative_Area`` | ``administrative_area`` |
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``Country`` | ``country`` |
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Translated to STIX 2.x Properties**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Using STIX 2.x Relationships**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Recorded in the STIX 2.x Description Property**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Not Mapped**
- ``free_text_address``
**An Example**
STIX 1.x in XML
.. code-block:: xml
Disco Tean
Equipo del Discoteca
United States
California
STIX 2.x in JSON
.. code-block:: json
{
"administrative_area": "California",
"country": "US",
"created": "2014-11-19T23:39:03.893Z",
"id": "location--c1445467-fd92-4532-9161-1c3024ab6467",
"modified": "2014-11-19T23:39:03.893Z",
"spec_version": "2.1",
"type": "location"
},
{
"created": "2014-11-19T23:39:03.893Z",
"id": "relationship--b1d9c097-a0ac-46e8-997b-291ea3b976f5",
"modified": "2014-11-19T23:39:03.893Z",
"relationship_type": "located-at",
"source_ref": "identity--733c5838-34d9-4fbf-949c-62aba761184c",
"spec_version": "2.1",
"target_ref": "location--c1445467-fd92-4532-9161-1c3024ab6467",
"type": "relationship"
},
{
"created": "2014-11-19T23:39:03.893Z",
"id": "identity--733c5838-34d9-4fbf-949c-62aba761184c",
"identity_class": "organization",
"modified": "2014-11-19T23:39:03.893Z",
"name": "Disco Tean",
"spec_version": "2.1",
"type": "identity"
}
Malware
-------------
The Malware object in STIX 2.x is a stub. STIX 2.x does not support the inclusion of MAEC content.
The main properties of malware in STIX 2.x are not much different than the defined ones in 1.x,
however, because of the lack of the ability to include the MAEC content fewer details of
malware are representable in STIX 2.x.
Malware is not a top-level object in STIX 1.x, but a property of a ``TTP``.
The ``name`` property of the STIX 1.x
Malware object is the preferred property to use to populated the ``name`` property in the STIX 2.x object, although if
missing, the ``title`` property can be used.
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Directly to STIX 2.x Properties**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Translated to STIX 2.x Properties**
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+===========================+================================================================================+
| ``ttp:Kill_Chain_Phases`` | ``kill_chain_phases`` |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Using STIX 2.x Relationships**
+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x relationship type** |
+===========================+=====================================================================================+
| ``ttp:Related_TTPs`` | ``variant-of`` (malware), ``related-to`` (when not used for versioning), uses (tool)|
+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``ttp:Exploit_Targets`` | ``targets`` (vulnerability, only) |
+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``ttp:Victim_Targeting`` | ``targets`` |
+---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Recorded in the STIX 2.x Description Property**
- ``ttp:Intended_Effect``
**STIX 1.x Properties Not Mapped**
- ``ttp:Kill_Chains``
- any MAEC content
**An Example**
STIX 1.x in XML
.. code-block:: xml
Poison Ivy
Remote Access Trojan
Poison Ivy
STIX 2.x in JSON
.. code-block:: json
{
"created": "2017-01-27T13:49:53.997Z",
"description": "\n\nTITLE:\n\tPoison Ivy",
"id": "malware--fdd60b30-b67c-11e3-b0b9-f01faf20d111",
"labels": [
"remote-access-trojan"
],
"modified": "2017-01-27T13:49:53.997Z",
"name": "Poison Ivy",
"type": "malware"
}
Observed Data
--------------
The Observed Data object in STIX 2.x corresponds to the ``Observable``
object in CybOX 2.x. Each Observed Data objects contain one or more
*related* cyber observable objects.
STIX 2.x adds two properties: ``first_observed`` and ``last_observed``.
These properties are related to the ``number_observed`` property, because it is possible for
Observed Data to indicate that either one, or multiple instances of the same cyber observable occurred.
If the ``number_observed`` property is 1, then the ``first_observed`` and ``last_observed`` properties
contain the same timestamp, otherwise they are the timestamp of the first and last times that cyber observable occurred.
The ``sighting_count`` property of STIX 1.x may seem to be the same concept as ``number_observed`` property,
but because STIX 2.x has made explicit the difference between sightings and observed data,
this is not the case. See the STIX 2.x specification for more details.
The sightings count is captured on the Sighting SRO.
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Directly to STIX 2.x Properties**
+--------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+==========================+================================================+
| ``sighting_count`` | not to be confused with **number_observed** |
+--------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| ``Keywords`` | ``labels`` |
+--------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Translated to STIX 2.x Properties**
+--------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+==========================+================================================+
| ``Object`` | ``objects`` |
+--------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Using STIX 2.x Relationships**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Recorded in the STIX 2.x Description Property**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Not Mapped**
- ``negate``
- ``Event``
- ``Title``
- ``Description``
- ``Pattern_Fidelity``
- ``Observable_Source``
**An Example**
STIX 1.x in XML
.. code-block:: xml
iprip32.dll
/usr/local
STIX 2.x in JSON
.. code-block:: json
{
"created": "2017-01-27T13:49:41.345Z",
"first_observed": "2017-01-27T13:49:41.345Z",
"id": "observed-data--c8c32b6e-2ea8-51c4-6446-7f5218072f27",
"last_observed": "2017-01-27T13:49:41.345Z",
"modified": "2017-01-27T13:49:41.345Z",
"number_observed": 1,
"objects": {
"0": {
"file_name": "iprip32.dll",
"parent_directory_ref": "1",
"type": "file"
},
"1": {
"path": "/usr/local",
"type": "directory"
}
},
"type": "observed-data"
}
In STIX 2.x cyber observables are only used within ``observed-data`` objects to
represent something that has actually been seen. In STIX 1.x if an ``Observable`` is contained in an ``Indicator``, it is instead
expressing a pattern to match against observed data.
The pattern expression to match the example cyber observable, when it is located in an indicator object, would be:
.. code::
[(file:file_name = 'iprip32.dll' AND file:parent_directory_ref.path = '/usr/local')]
Report
--------
The Report object in STIX 2.x does not contain objects, but only object references
to STIX objects that are specified elsewhere (the location of the actual
objects may not be contained in the same bundle that contains the ``report``
object).
In STIX 2.x, properties that were associated with the report
header in STIX 1.x are located in the ``report`` object itself. The
``labels`` property contains vocabulary literals similar to the ones
contain in the ``Intent`` property in STIX 1.x.
The ``published`` property is required in STIX 2.x, so the timestamp of the STIX 1.0 Report is used.
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Directly to STIX 2.x Properties**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Translated to STIX 2.x Properties**
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+=========================+==================================================+
| ``Observables`` | ``object_refs`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``Indicators`` | ``object_refs`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``TTPs`` | ``object_refs`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``Exploit_Targets`` | ``object_refs`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``Courses_Of_Action`` | ``object_refs`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``Campaigns`` | ``object_refs`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``Threat_Actors`` | ``object_refs`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``Report:Header.Intent``| ``labels`` |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Using STIX 2.x Relationships**
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x relationship type** |
+=========================+==================================================+
| ``Related_Reports`` | ``related-to`` (when not used for versioning) |
+-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
**An Example**
STIX 1.x in XML
.. code-block:: xml
Report on Adversary Alpha's Campaign against the Industrial Control Sector
Campaign Characterization
Adversary Alpha has a campaign against the ICS sector!
STIX 2.x in JSON
.. code-block:: json
{
"created": "2015-05-07T14:22:14.760Z",
"created_by_ref": "identity--c1b58a86-e037-4069-814d-dd0bc75539e3",
"description": "Adversary Alpha has a campaign against the ICS sector!\n\nINTENT:\nCampaign Characterization",
"id": "report--ab11f431-4b3b-457c-835f-59920625fe65",
"labels": [
"campaign-characterization"
],
"modified": "2015-05-07T14:22:14.760Z",
"name": "Report on Adversary Alpha's Campaign against the Industrial Control Sector",
"object_refs": [
"campaign--1855cb8a-d96c-4859-a450-abb1e7c061f2"
],
"type": "report"
}
Threat Actor
------------------
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Directly to STIX 2.x Properties**
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+=========================+==============================================+
| ``Intended_Effects`` | ``goals`` |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Translated to STIX 2.x Properties**
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+=====================================+================================================================================+
| ``Motivation`` | ``primary_motivation``, ``secondary_motivations``, ``personal_motivations`` |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``Sophistication`` | ``sophistication`` |
+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Using STIX 2.x Relationships**
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x relationship type** |
+=========================+==============================================+
| ``Identity`` | ``attributed-to`` |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``Observed_TTPs`` | ``uses`` |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``Associated_Campaigns``| ``attributed-to`` (reverse) |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``Associated_Actors`` | ``related-to`` (when not used for versioning)|
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Recorded in the STIX 2.x Description Property**
- ``Intended_Effect``
- ``Planning_And_Operational_Support``
**STIX 1.x Properties Not Mapped**
*none*
**An Example**
STIX 1.x in XML
.. code-block:: xml
Fake BPP (Branistan Peoples Party)
Franistan Intelligence
State Actor / Agency
Influence the election in Branistan
Political
Ideological
Organizational Gain
Strategic
STIX 2.x in JSON
.. code-block:: json
{
"type": "threat-actor",
"id": "threat-actor--56f3f0db-b5d5-431c-ae56-c18f02caf500",
"created_by_ref": "identity--f690c992-8e7d-4b9a-9303-3312616c0220",
"created": "2016-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"modified": "2016-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"labels": ["nation-state"],
"goals": ["Influence the election in Branistan"],
"primary_motivation": "political",
"secondary_motivations": ["ideology", "organizational-gain"],
"name": "Fake BPP (Branistan Peoples Party)",
"sophistication": "strategic"
}
{
"type": "identity",
"id": "identity--8c6af861-7b20-41ef-9b59-6344fd872a8f",
"created_by_ref": "identity--f690c992-8e7d-4b9a-9303-3312616c0220",
"created": "2016-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"modified": "2016-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"name": "Franistan Intelligence",
"identity_class": "organization"
}
{
"type": "relationship",
"id": "relationship--5b271699-d2ad-468c-903d-304ad7a17d71",
"created": "2016-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"modified": "2016-08-08T15:50:10.983Z",
"relationship_type": "attributed-to",
"source_ref": "threat-actor--56f3f0db-b5d5-431c-ae56-c18f02caf500",
"target_ref": "identity--8c6af861-7b20-41ef-9b59-6344fd872a8f"
}
Tool
-------
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Directly to STIX 2.x Properties**
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+=======================================+==================================================================================================+
| ``Name`` (from CybOX) | ``name`` |
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``Type`` (from CybOX) | ``labels`` |
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``Description`` (from CybOX) | ``description`` |
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``Version`` (from CybOX) | ``tool_version`` |
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Translated to STIX 2.x Properties**
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x property** |
+=======================================+==================================================================================================+
| ``ttp:Kill_Chain_Phases`` | ``kill_chain_phases`` |
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``References`` (from CybOX) | ``external_references`` |
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Using STIX 2.x Relationships**
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x relationship type** |
+=======================================+==================================================================================================+
| ``ttp:Related_TTPs`` | ``uses`` (attack-pattern) (reverse), ``related-to`` (when not used for versioning), ``targets`` (identity) |
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Recorded in the STIX 2.x Description Property**
- ``ttp:Intended_Effect``
**STIX 1.x Properties Not Mapped**
- ``Compensation_Model`` (from CybOX)
- ``Errors`` (from CybOX)
- ``Execution_Environment`` (from CybOX)
- ``ttp:Exploit_Targets``
- ``ttp:Kill_Chains``
- ``Metadata`` (from CybOX)
- ``Service_Pack`` (from CybOX)
- ``Tool_Configuration`` (from CybOX)
- ``Tool_Hashes`` (from CybOX)
- ``Tool_Specific_Data`` (from CybOX)
- ``Vendor`` (from CybOX)
- ``ttp:Victim_Targeting``
**An Example**
STIX 1.x in XML
.. code-block:: xml
VNCConnect
remote-access
RealVNC Ltd
6.03
STIX 2.x in JSON
.. code-block:: json
{
"type": "tool",
"id": "tool--8e2e2d2b-17d4-4cbf-938f-98ee46b3cd3f",
"created": "2016-04-06T20:03:48.000Z",
"modified": "2016-04-06T20:03:48.000Z",
"labels": [ "remote-access"],
"version": "6.03",
"name": "VNCConnect"
}
Vulnerability
------------------
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Directly to STIX 2.x Properties**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Translated to STIX 2.x Properties**
+--------------------------+------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x mapping** |
+==========================+====================================+
| ``CVE_ID`` | ``external_references`` |
+--------------------------+------------------------------------+
| ``OSVDB_ID`` | ``external_references`` |
+--------------------------+------------------------------------+
| ``References`` | ``external_references`` |
+--------------------------+------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Mapped Using STIX 2.x Relationships**
+-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| **STIX 1.x property** | **STIX 2.x relationship type** |
+===============================+===============================================+
| ``et:Potential_COAs`` | ``mitigates`` |
+-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| ``et:Related_Exploit_Targets``| ``related-to`` (when not used for versioning) |
+-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
**STIX 1.x Properties Recorded in the STIX 2.x Description Property**
*none*
**STIX 1.x Properties Not Mapped**
- ``is_known``
- ``is_publicly_acknowledged``
- ``CVSS_Score``
- ``Discovered_DateTime``
- ``Published_DateTime``
- ``Affected_Software``
- ``Source``
**An Example**
STIX 1.x in XML
.. code-block:: xml
Heartbleed
CVE-2013-3893
STIX 2.x in JSON
.. code-block:: json
{
"created": "2014-06-20T15:16:56.986Z",
"external_references": [
{
"external_id": "CVE-2013-3893",
"source_name": "cve"
}
],
"id": "vulnerability--e77c1e36-5b43-4c5c-b8cb-7b36035f2b90",
"modified": "2017-01-27T13:49:54.310Z",
"name": "Heartbleed",
"type": "vulnerability"
}